گردشگری و توسعه

گردشگری و توسعه

شناسایی عوامل مؤثر در نابرابری جنسیتی دستمزد در صنعت گردشگری (مورد مطالعه: دفاتر خدمات مسافرتی و گردشگری شهر تهران)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 کارشناسی ارشد برنامه‌ریزی توسعۀ جهانگردی، گروه مدیریت جهانگردی، دانشکدۀ مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.
2 دانشیار گروه مدیریت جهانگردی، دانشکدۀ مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران
10.22034/jtd.2023.398103.2773
چکیده
هدف پژوهش حاضر شناسایی عوامل مؤثر در نابرابری جنسیتی دستمزد در صنعت گردشگری و تعیین میزان تأثیر هرکدام از عوامل در پدیده‌ی نابرابری جنسیتی دستمزد در این صنعت است. روش پژوهش حاضر روش آمیخته با رویکرد اکتشافی متوالی (کیفی - کمّی) بود. به‌منظور استخراج عوامل، در بخش کیفی، با 16 نفر از متخصصان گردشگری، که ازطریق روش نمونه‌گیری گلوله‌برفی انتخاب شده‌ بودند، مصاحبۀ نیمه‌ساختاریافته‌ای انجام شد. موارد مشخص‌شده، در کنار عوامل به‌دست‌آمده از ادبیات پژوهش، 46 شاخص را شکل دادند که در چهار بُعد (فرهنگی - اجتماعی، اقتصادی، سیاسی - قانونی، اجرایی - سازمانی) و 11مؤلفه طبقه‌بندی شدند. در بخش کمّی، این عوامل در قالب پرسش‌نامۀ محقق‌ساخته در اختیار 248 نفر از کارمندان و مدیران دفاتر خدمات مسافرتی و گردشگری شهر تهران قرار گرفت؛ کسانی که این نوع نابرابری را تجربه کرده و با روش نمونه‌گیری غیرتصادفی در دسترس انتخاب شده ‌بودند. تحلیل داده‌های کیفی با استفاده از روش تحلیل تفسیری و کدگذاری اشتراوس و کوربین و تحلیل داده‌های کمّی ازطریق تحلیل عاملی تأییدی انجام شد. براساس نتایج مدل‌سازی‌ها، سه عامل فرهنگی - اجتماعی (شامل تصورات کلیشه‌ای، جامعه‌پذیری جنسیتی، مردمحوری، سواد حقوقی)، سیاسی - قانونی (شامل سیاست‌گذاری‌ها و قوانین فرادستی، اجرا، نظارت، اقدامات تشویقی و تنبیهی) و اجرایی - سازمانی (شامل نارسایی‌های مدیریتی، فرهنگ سازمانی، زیرساخت‌ها و تجهیزات فنّاورانه) به‌عنوان عوامل مؤثر بر نابرابری جنسیتی دستمزد در صنعت گردشگری تأیید شدند و مدل به‌دست‌آمده از این عوامل نیز برازش مناسبی داشتند. بررسی‌ ضرایب مسیر مدل‌ها نیز نشان داد که در بین عوامل اصلی عامل فرهنگی - اجتماعی و از میان مؤلفه‌ها نیز جامعه‌پذیری جنسیتی تأثیر بیشتری در تبیین نابرابری جنسیتی دستمزد در صنعت گردشگری دارند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

The Identification of Factors Influencing the Gender Pay Gap in Tourism Industry (the Case of Travel Agencies)

نویسندگان English

Zahra Teymouri 1
Esmaeil Ghaderi 2
1 MA in Tourism Development Planning, Department of Tourism Management, Faculty of Accounting & Management, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor of Tourism Management, Department of Tourism Management, Faculty of Accounting & Management, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

The current research aims to identify the factors influencing gender pay gap in the tourism industry (case: travel agencies) and to determine the effect weight of each factor. The methodology of the research is mixed method and the Sequential Exploratory approach (qualitative-quantitative) is adopted. In phase 1 (qualitative), in order to extract the factors, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 tourism experts selected by snowball sampling technique. In phase 2 (quantitative), a structured questionnaire was designed based on the extracted factors. It was given to 248 employees and managers of travel agencies who were selected by convenience sampling technique and had experienced gender pay inequality. The qualitative data were analyzed by interpretive analysis and coding via the method of Strauss and Corbin. The qualitative data were analyzed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (Structural Equation Modeling composing of Measurement Modeling and Structural Modeling) using SPSS-V23, LISREL-V8.8 and SmartPLS-2 pieces of software. The model fitted the observations well. The following three dimensions influencing gender pay gap in the tourism industry were confirmed: (a) sociocultural (including stereotypes, gender socialization, androcentrism, legal literacy), (b) political‐legal (including policymaking and overarching laws, implementation, monitoring, rewards and punishments), (c) administrative-organizational (including managerial failures, organizational culture, and technological infrastructure and equipment). In addition, the examination of the coefficients of the model paths showed that the sociocultural dimension and the gender socialization component--amongst the dimensions and components, respectively--influenced gender pay gap in the tourism industry most. This implies the necessity of educating and improving the awareness of individuals in the area of gender equalit

کلیدواژه‌ها English

gender gap
gender socialization
pay gap
tourism industry
travel agencies
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