بررسی و تحلیل مسئولیت‌پذیری اجتماعی صاحبان اقامتگاه‌های بوم‌گردی مطالعه موردی: خراسان رضوی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران؛

2 استاد گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران؛

3 دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنام هریزی دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران؛

10.22034/jtd.2020.202623.1831

چکیده

اقامتگاه‌های بوم‌گردی به عنوان شیوه نوین پذیرایی و اسکان در مناطق روستایی است. صاحبان اقامتگاه‌های بوم‌گردی به عنوان فعالان اقتصادی دارای مسئولیت‌هایی در راه اندازی کسب و کار و ارائه خدمات به گردشگران می‌باشند. بر این اساس هدف این مطالعه بررسی مسئولیت‌پذیری اجتماعی صاحبان اقامتگاه‌های بوم‌گردی در قبال جامعه محلی و میزبان می‌باشد. این پژوهش بر مبنای روش، توصیفی-تحلیلی می‌باشد. به منظور گردآوری اطلاعات از منابع کتابخانه‌ای و مطالعة میدانی استفاده شده است. جامعه نمونه پژوهش را صاحبان 27 اقامتگاه بوم‌گردی در نواحی روستایی استان خراسان‌رضوی تشکیل می‌دهد. داده‌های مورد نیاز توسط پرسش‌نامه محقق ساخته بر اساس شاخص‌ها و مؤلفه‌های ابعاد چهارده گانة مسئولیت‌پذیری اجتماعی از بین صاحبان اقامتگاه‌ها جمع‌آوری گردید. نتایج به دست آمده نشان می‌دهد که میانگین‌های به دست آمده در ابعاد و شاخص‌های پژوهش بیشتر از سطح متوسط می‌باشند که این امر نشان دهنده رعایت و اهمیت مسئولیت‌پذیری اجتماعی در بین صاحبان اقامتگاه‌های بوم‌گردی نسبت به جامعه گردشگر و میزبان است که این میزان در بین زنان اندکی بیشتر از مردان می باشد. بر اساس نتایج مسئولیت پذیری اجتماعی بر افزایش شاخص های اشتغال‌زایی مستقیم و غیر مستقیم، محلی و اشتغال‌زایی غیرمحلی، افزایش درآمد سالانه، تعداد گردشگران و درجه اقامتگاه اثرگذار بوده و نیز بیشترین سطح مسئولیت‌پذیری اجتماعی در اقامتگاه غور با مقدار 92/4 اختصاص پیدا کرده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating and Analyzing the Social Responsibility of owners of Ecolodgs Case Study: Khorasan Razavi

نویسندگان [English]

  • hamdollah Sojasi Qeidari 1
  • Hamid Shayan 2
  • Amin Faal Jalali 3
1 Assistant Professor, Geography and Rural Planning Department, Faculty of Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran;
2 Professor, Geography and Rural Planning Department, Faculty of Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran;
3 Ph.D student, Geography and Rural Planning Department, Faculty of Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran;
چکیده [English]

Ecolodgs is as a new way Catering and accommodation in rural areas. Owners of Ecolodgs as entrepreneurs, have responsibilities in setting up businesses and providing services to tourists. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the social responsibility Ecolodgs towards the local community and the host. This research is based on descriptive-analytical method. In order to gather information have been used Library resources and field studies. The sample population is the owners of 27 Ecolodgs in rural areas of Khorasan Razavi province. Required data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire based on the 14-item social responsibility indices and dimensions among the Ecolodgs. The results show that the averages in the dimensions and indices of the research are higher than the average level. This reflects the importance of social responsibility among Ecolodgs towards the tourist and host community, which is slightly higher among women than men. Based on the results of social responsibility, the direct and indirect, local and non-local employment indices, increase in annual income, number of tourists and degree of residence were influenced. and the highest level of social responsibility was allocated to Ghor Ecolodge with 4.92.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rural Tourism
  • Social Responsibility
  • Tourism Businesses
  • Ecolodgs
سازمان میراث فرهنگی، صنایع دستی و گردشگری استان خراسان رضوی (1398).
Archer, B., Cooper, C., & Ruhanen, L. (2005). “The positive and negative impacts of tourism.” Global Tourism, 3, 79-102.
Aref, F. (2011). “The effects of tourism on quality of life: A case study of Shiraz, Iran.” Life Science Journal, 8(2), 26-30.
Bassen, A., Meyer, K., & Schlange, J. (2006). “The Influence of Corporate Responsibility on the Cost of Capital.” Available at SSRN 984406.
Bien, A. (2002). “Environmental certification for tourism in Central America: CST and other programs.” Ecotourism and Certification: Setting Standards in Practice. Island Press, Washington, DC, 133-160.
Blackburn, W. R. (2007). The Sustainability Handbook: The Complete Management Guide to Achieving Social, Economic, and Environmental Responsibility. First published by Earth scan in the UK and USA, London.
Bluwstein, J. (2017). Creating ecotourism territories: Environmentalities in Tanzania’s community-based conservation. Geoforum, 83, 101-113.
Bovens, M. A. P. (2005). Publieke verantwoording: Een analysekader.
Briedenhann, J., & Wickens, E. (2004). “Tourism routes as a tool for the Economic development of rural areas-vibrant hope or impossible dream?” Tourism Management, 25(1), 71-79.
Buckley, R. (2012). “Sustainability reporting and certification in tourism.” Tourism Recreation Research, 37(1), 85-90.
Cawley, M., & Desmond A., Gillmor (1995). Farm diversification: Studies relating to the west of Ireland. Teagasc.
Chi, G. (2005). Study of developing destination loyalty model. Doctoral Dissertation, Oklahoma State University.
Darcy, S., & Wearing, S. (2009). “Public–private partnerships and contested cultural heritage tourism in national parks: a case study of the stakeholder views of the North Head Quarantine Station (Sydney, Australia).” Journal of Heritage Tourism, 4(3), 181-199.
Das. M., & Chatterjee, B, (2015). “Ecotourism: A panacea or a predicament?” Tourism Management Perspectives, 14, 3-16.
De Grosbois, D. (2016). “Corporate social responsibility reporting in the cruise tourism industry: a performance evaluation using a new institutional theory based model.” Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 24(2), 245-269.
Economic, U. N. Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UN ESCAP). 2003. “Social safety nets for women”, Studies on gender and development, United Nations, New York.
Erdem, B., & Tetik, N. (2013). A new trend in the hotel industry: ecolodges.” Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Geographia, 58(1), 85-92.
Frederick, W. C. (1960). “The growing concern over business responsibility.” California management review, 2(4), 54-61.
Friedman, M. (1962). Price theory, a provisional text (No. HB221 F75).
Friedman, R. E., & Liedtka, J. (1991). “Corporate social responsibility: A critical approach.” Business Horizons, July-August, 92-8.
Fun, F. S., Chiun, L. M., Songan, P., & Nair, V. (2014). “The impact of local communities’ involvement and relationship quality on sustainable rural tourism in rural area, Sarawak: The moderating impact of self-efficacy.” Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 144(5), 60–65.
Goodwin, H. (2011). Taking responsibility for tourism (p. 256). Woodeaton: Goodfellow Publishers Limited.
Kasim, A. (2004). “Socio-environmentally responsible hotel business: Do tourists to Penang Island, Malaysia care?” Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing, 11(4), 5-28.
Kasim, A. (2007). “Towards a wider adoption of environmental responsibility in the hotel sector.” International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 8(2), 25-49.
Kil, N., Holland, S. M., & Stein, T. V. (2014). “Structural relationships between environmental attitudes, recreation motivations, and environmentally responsible behaviors.” Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 7, 16-25.
Kim, S., & Yoon, J. H. (2010). “Environmental management of Korean hotels: A perspective of GMs.” International Journal of Tourism Sciences, 10(2), 55-83.
Kim, C., Kim, S. H., & Lee, K. H. (2015). “A comparison study of multinational chain hotel employees’ perceptions of corporate social responsibility in China and Korea.” Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 51(2), 364-376.
Lazar, Zh. (2005). Public opinion translated by Morteza Kotobi, Tehran: Reed Publishing, Third Edition.
Mackenzie, M., & Peters, M. (2014). “Hospitality managers' perception of corporate social responsibility: An explorative study.” Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 19(3), 257-272.
Martínez, P., Pérez, A., & Rodríguez Del Bosque, I. (2013). “Measuring corporate social responsibility in tourism: Development and validation of an efficient measurement scale in the hospitality industry.” Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 30(4), 365-385.
Martinez-Conesa, I., Soto-Acosta, P., & Palacios-Manzano, M. (2017). “Corporate social responsibility and its effect on innovation and firm performance: An empirical research in SMEs.” Journal of Cleaner Production, 142, 2374-2383.
Melubo, K., & Lovelock, B. (2018). “Reframing Corporate Social Responsibility from the Tanzanian Tourism Industry: The Vision of Foreign and Local Tourism Companies.” Tourism Planning & Development, 15(6), 672-691.
Nair, V., Mohamed, B., & Chiun, L. M. (2015). “Multi-Dimensional Responsible Rural Tourism Capacity (RRTC) Framework: A Proposed Environmental Responsibility and Management Model for Malaysia.” Asia-Pacific Journal of Innovation in Hospitality and Tourism (APJIHT), 1(4), 1-17.
Orlitzky, M., Siegel, D. S., & Waldman, D. A. (2011). “Strategic corporate social responsibility and environmental sustainability.” Business & society, 50(1), 6-27.
Peutere, L., Rautava, P., & Virtanen, P. (2017). “Domestic responsibilities as predictors of labour market attachment trajectories in men and women.” International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 37(9/10), 536-554.
Rashid, N. R. N. A., Rahman, N. I. A., & Khalid, S. A. (2014). “Environmental corporate social responsibility (ECSR) as a strategic marketing initiatives.” Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 130, 499-508. ‏
Rusong, W. (2007). “Understanding eco-complexity and promoting ecology of sustainability: Beijing EcoSummit 2007 Review.” Acta Ecologica Sinica, 27(6), 2651-2654. ‏
Saka, M., Sürmeli, H., & Öztuna, A. (2009). “Which attitudes preservice teachers’ have towards environmental ethics.” Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1(1), 2475-2479.
Seroka-Stolka, O. (2013). “Environmental corporate Social responsibility (ECSR) in polish food Sector enterprises from Czestochowa region–empirical analysis.” APSTRACT: Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce, 7(1033-2016-83996), 101-106. ‏
Sharpley. R. (2002). “Rural tourism and the challenge of tourism diversification: the case of Cyprus.” Tourism Management, 23(3), 233–244.
Smith, R. A., & Ong, J. L. T. (2015). “Corporate social responsibility and the operationalization challenge for global tourism organizations.” Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 20(5), 487-499.
Stewart, R. B., & Sanchez Badin, M. R. (2009). “The World Trade Organization and global administrative law.” Constitutionalism, Multilevel Trade Governance and Social Regulation, Christian Joerges, Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann, eds, 09-71.
Uddin, M. B., Tarique, K. M., & Hassan, M. (2008). “Three dimensional aspects of corporate social responsibility.” Journal of Business and Economics, 3(1).
Ulmann, A. (1985), “Data in search of a theory: A critical examination of the relationships among social performance, social disclosure, and economic performance of US firms.” Academy of Management Review, 10, 540-57.
Visser, W. (2012). The Age of Responsibility: CSR 2 and the New DNA of Business. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Wilson, S., Fesenmaier, D. R., Fesenmaier, J., & Van Es, J. C. (2001). “Factors for success in rural tourism development.” Journal of Travel research, 40(2), 132-138.
Wood, D. (1991). “Corporate social responsiveness revisited.” Academy of Management Review, 16(4), 691-718.
Zientara, P., Kujawski, L., & Bohdanowicz-Godfrey, P. (2015). “Corporate social responsibility and employee attitudes: evidence from a study of Polish hotel employees.” Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(6), 859-880.