Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Department of Tourism Management, Faculty of Accounting and Management,, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Tourism Management, Faculty of Accounting and Management, Allameh Tabataba'iUniversity, Tehran, Iran
10.22034/jtd.2023.398103.2773
Abstract
The current research aims to identify the factors influencing gender pay gap in the tourism industry (case: travel agencies) and to determine the effect weight of each factor. The methodology of the research is mixed method and the Sequential Exploratory approach (qualitative-quantitative) is adopted. In phase1 (qualitative), in order to extract the factors, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 tourism experts selected by snowball sampling technique. In phase2 (quantitative), a structured questionnaire was designed based on the extracted factors. It was given to 248 employees and managers of travel agencies who were selected by convenience sampling technique and had experienced gender pay inequality. The qualitative data were analyzed by interpretive analysis and coding via the method of Strauss and Corbin. The qualitative data were analyzed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (Structural Equation Modeling composing of Measurement Modeling and Structural Modeling) using SPSS-V23, LISREL-V8.8 and SmartPLS-2 pieces of software. The model fitted the observations well. The following three dimensions influencing gender pay gap in the tourism industry were confirmed: (a) sociocultural (including stereotypes, gender socialization, androcentrism, legal literacy), (b) political‐legal (including policymaking and overarching laws, implementation, monitoring, rewards and punishments), (c) administrative-organizational (including managerial failures, organizational culture, and technological infrastructure and equipment). In addition, the examination of the coefficients of the model paths showed that the sociocultural dimension and the gender socialization component--amongst the dimensions and components, respectively--influenced gender pay gap in the tourism industry most. This implies the necessity of improving the awareness of individuals in the area of gender equality.
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