Journal of Tourism and Development

Journal of Tourism and Development

Identifying and Prioritizing Factors for The Implementations of Blockchain Technology in The Development of The Tourism Industry in Tehran Province

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
1 Phd Student in Business Management, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Technology Management Department, Qom Branch. Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Tourism Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabataba’I University, Tehran, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Industrial Management, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran.
10.22034/jtd.2023.390960.2768
Abstract
The purpose of this research is "identifying and prioritizing the implementation factors of blockchain technology in the development of tourism industry in Tehran province". The studied community in the qualitative part includes experts and professors of the tourism industry and in the quantitative part it includes tourists of tourist places in Tehran province. The size of the sample studied in the qualitative part was 10 experts and in the quantitative part 384 people were determined. In order to collect data in this research, a semi-structured interview was used in the qualitative part and a questionnaire was used in the quantitative part, the validity of which was content validity by experts with the help of Delphi technique, and the construct and structure validity by confirmatory factor analysis in smart pls software and reliability. It has been confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient in spss software. In order to analyze the data in the qualitative part of the coding and in the quantitative part of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, for the normality test, and the confirmatory factor analysis test and structural equation modeling were used to confirm the components and present the model in smart pls software. The results showed that the factors of blockchain technology implementation in the development of the tourism industry in Tehran province, in order of priority, include 1- results and consequences; 2- Technology applications; 3- Blockchain technology in tourism; 4- Information needs; 5- Supply chain management.
Keywords

 
Alazab, M., Alhyari, S., Awajan, A., & Abdallah, A. B. (2021). Blockchain technology in supply chain management: an empirical study of the factors affecting user adoption/acceptance. Cluster Computing, 24, 83-101.‏ https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-020-03200-4
Almobaideen, W., Krayshan, R., Allan, M., & Saadeh, M. (2017). Internet of Things: Geographical Routing based on healthcare centers vicinity for mobile smart tourism destination. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 123(4), 342-350.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.04.016
Buonincontri, P., & Micera, R. (2016). The experience co-creation in smart tourism destinations: a multiple case analysis of European destinations. Information Technology & Tourism, 16(3), 285-315.‏ https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-016-0060-5
Calvaresi, D., Leis, M., Dubovitskaya, A., Schegg, R., & Schumacher, M. (2019). Trust in tourism via blockchain technology: results from a systematic review. In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2019: Proceedings of the International Conference in Nicosia, Cyprus, January 30–February 1, 2019 (pp. 304-317). Springer International Publishing.‏ https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05940-8_24
Casado-Vara, R., & Corchado, J. M. (2018). Blockchain for democratic voting: How blockchain could cast of voter fraud. Oriental journal of computer science and technology, 11(1), 1-3.‏  http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojcst11.01.01
Colombo, E., & Baggio, R. (2017). Tourism distribution channels. In Knowledge Transfer to and within Tourism (Vol. 8, pp. 289-301). Emerald Publishing Limited.‏ https://doi.org/10.1108/S2042-144320170000008016
Del Vecchio, P., Mele, G., Ndou, V., & Secundo, G. (2018). Creating value from social big data: Implications for smart tourism destinations. Information Processing & Management, 54(5), 847-860.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2017.10.006
Farhzadi, A. A., & Nasser, M. (2020). The role of blockchain technology in solving the challenges of supply chain exchanges: needs and policies. Technological Growth Quarterly, 17(66). https://doi.org/10.52547/jstpi.20881.17.66.11 [In Persian]
Hawlitschek, F., Notheisen, B., & Teubner, T. (2018). The limits of trust-free systems: A literature review on Blockchain technology and trust in the sharing economy. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 29, 50–63.
Jessop, D. (2018). Artificial intelligence and tourism: Opportunities and risks. Retrieved December 08, 2019 from https://www.caribbeancouncil.org/artificial-intelligence-tourism-opportunities-risks/
Joo, J., Park, J., & Han, Y. (2021). Applications of blockchain and smart contract for sustainable tourism ecosystems. In Evolutionary Computing and Mobile Sustainable Networks: Proceedings of ICECMSN 2020 (pp. 773-780). Springer Singapore.‏ https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5258-8_71
Luo, L., & Zhou, J. (2021). BlockTour: A blockchain-based smart tourism platform. Computer Communications, 175, 186-192.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2021.05.011
Maleh, Y., Shojafar, M., Alazab, M., & Romdhani, I. (Eds.). (2020). Blockchain for cybersecurity and privacy: architectures, challenges, and applications.‏ https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429324932
Mozen Rezamohle, M. H., Pourbahram, A. R., & Vishkinjad, H. (2017). Blockchain and Internet of Things. The third conference of new and up-to-date achievements in engineering sciences and new technologies, Rasht. https://civilica.com/doc/786282 [In Persian]
Nam, K., Dutt, C. S., Chathoth, P., & Khan, M. S. (2021). Blockchain technology for smart city and smart tourism: latest trends and challenges. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 26(4), 454-468.‏ https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2019.1585376
Önder, I., & Treiblmaier, H. (2018). Blockchain and tourism: Three research propositions. Annals of Tourism Research, 72(C), 180-182.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2018.03.005
Pilkington, M. (2017). Can blockchain technology help promote new tourism destinations? The example of medical tourism in Moldova. The Example of Medical Tourism in Moldova (June 11, 2017).‏ https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2984479
Pilkington, M. (2016). Blockchain technology: principles and applications. In Research handbook on digital transformations, (pp. 225-253). Edward Elgar Publishing.‏ https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784717766.00019
Pourahmad, A., Farhoudi, R., & Brothers Nia, I. (2016). Evaluation of the role of information technology in promoting the tourism industry of Kish Island. Journal of Urban Tourism, 4(4), 13-34. https://doi.org/10.22059/jut.2018.224979.278 [In Persian]
Qasimnejad, Z., Majidi Kahrodi, N., & Jalilund, M. R. (2020). Examining the challenges of digital tourism development (case study: Tehran city). Urban Tourism Scientific Quarterly, 8(3), 79-90. https://doi.org/10.22059/jut.2021 [In Persian]
Rashideh, W. (2020). Blockchain technology framework: Current and future perspectives for the tourism industry. Tourism Management, 80, 104125.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104125
Shahvari, K. (2019). Blockchain capacities in the tourism industry. The second international conference on knowledge management, blockchain and economics, Tehran. https://civilica.com/doc/1224900 [In Persian]
Sharif Khatibi, Z., & Yazidi, S. K. (2019). Blockchain and its use in storing information as a secure distributed database. Scientific Journal of Police Information and Communication Technology, 1(2). https://sid.ir /paper/384732/en/
Thees, H., Erschbamer, G., & Pechlaner, H. (2020). The application of blockchain in tourism: use cases in the tourism value system. European Journal of Tourism Research, 26, 2602-2602.‏
Treiblmaier, H. (2018). The impact of the blockchain on the supply chain: a theory-based research framework and a call for action. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 23(6), 545-559.‏ https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-01-2018-0029
Tseng, L., Wong, L., Otoum, S., Aloqaily, M., & Othman, J. B. (2020). Blockchain for managing heterogeneous internet of things: A perspective architecture. IEEE Network, 34(1), 16-23.‏ https://doi.org/10.1109/MNET.001.1900103
Treiblmaier, H. (2020). Blockchain and tourism. Handbook of e-Tourism, 1-21.‏ https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48652-5_28
Treiblmaier, H., & Önder, I. (2019). The impact of blockchain on the tourism industry: A theory-based research framework. Business Transformation through Blockchain: Volume II, 3-21.‏ https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99058-3_1
Valeri, M., & Baggio, R. (2021). A critical reflection on the adoption of blockchain in tourism. Information Technology & Tourism, 23, 121-132.‏ https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-020-00183-1
Xiang, Z., & Fesenmaier, D. R. (2017). Big data analytics, tourism design and smart tourism. Analytics in Smart Tourism Design: Concepts and Methods, 299-307.‏ https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44263-1_17
Yadav, J. K., Verma, D. C., Jangirala, S., & Srivastava, S. K. (2021). An IAD type framework for Blockchain enabled smart tourism ecosystem. The Journal of High Technology Management Research, 32(1), 100404.‏ https://doi.org/10.1108/WHATT-10-2022-0116
Zahedi, M. R., & Naqdi Khanachah, S. (2018). use of blockchain; A practical approach in achieving the goals of automotive spare parts supply chain management, the first international conference on knowledge management, blockchain and economics, Tehran. https://civilica.com/doc/968453 [In Persian]
Zare Bidaki, F., & Hosseini Bamkan, S. (2018). The potentials of using blockchain technology in the development of Iran's tourism based on competitiveness criteria, the 4th International Industrial Management Conference, Yazd. https://civilica.com/doc/938050 [In Persian]
Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H. N., Chen, X., & Wang, H. (2018). Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey. International journal of web and grid services, 14(4), 352-375.‏ https://doi.org10.1504/IJWGS.2018.095647