Journal of Tourism and Development

Journal of Tourism and Development

The Social Constructivism Paradigm, the Hermeneutic-Dialectic Methodology, and the Fourth-Generation Evaluation: Prospects for Application in Tourism

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
1 Doctoral student of tourism, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Human Geography and Planning, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
10.22034/jtd.2024.422647.2846
Abstract
In this article, the social constructivism paradigm, the hermeneutic-dialectic methodology, and the fourth-generation evaluation are explained, and the prospects for applying this critical and collaborative approach to the evaluation of the tourism phenomenon, which is of multiple and diverse stakeholders, are reviewed. The research article type is a narrative-review, which has a powerful educational and summarizing characteristic and is suitable for under-explained topics. In this paper, firstly, the paradigm of social constructivism, and its ontological, epistemological and methodological philosophical underpinnings are described. Then, the concepts of inquiry and its types, evaluation and its types in terms of time and purpose, the first three generations of evaluation, and the fourth-generation evaluation are briefly introduced. A 6-type categorization of evaluation is a contribution by this article. Afterwards, the responsibilities of the evaluator according to this method are explained. Also, to measure the quality of constructivist inquiry; two categories of criteria are presented, and finally, after criticizing the fourth-generation evaluation model, we will review the applications for the paradigm of social constructivism and fourth-generation evaluation in tourism studies. The constructivist approach to tourism evaluation has several advantages over previous approaches and this approach has the ability to improve the quality and effectiveness of tourism evaluation.
Keywords

 

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