A Comparativ Study the Impact of  Effective Factors on International tourism in selected developed and developing  countries (Dynamic Panel Data Approach) with emphasis on ICRG characteristic index (International country  risk guide)

Hosseini Salehi, Seyed Mohammad; Fotros, Mohammad Hasan; ایمانی خوشخو, Mohammad; Sarlak, Ahmad

doi:10.22034/jtd.2020.216854.1951

A Comparativ Study the Impact of Effective Factors on International tourism in selected developed and developing countries (Dynamic Panel Data Approach) with emphasis on ICRG characteristic index (International country risk guide)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

seyed mohammad hosseini salehi ¹

mohammad hasan fotros ²

mohammad ایمانی خوشخو ³

ahmad sarlak ⁴

¹ PhD student in economics, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.

² Ph.D. in Economic Sciences, Full Professor, Bu-Ali Sina University of Hamedan

³ Professor and member of the academic faculty of the University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran

⁴ Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.

10.22034/jtd.2020.216854.1951

Abstract

Within the framework of growth and development patterns and theories of endogenous growth and development Sustainable development has a special place and importance. In recent decades, the tourism industry as one of the most important sustainable, efficient and dynamic sources of income and development for countries is known. Attention to the tourism industry, especially in the developing countries according to specific historical and natural cultural attractions should be considered and policy making has been proposed. In this research, it is tried that by considering Economic and characteristic Factors (Indicators of Risk Guidance International Countries ° ICRG ) Developed countries and developing countries were compared in 2000-2016 . The research findings show that the coefficient of estimates of the amount of tourists of the previous period, degree of openness of economy, Transport infrastructure and ICRG characteristic index status have positive and meaningful impact for each group of countries so that characteristic indicator of ICRG in Developing Countries has more impact. Also the coefficient of estimation of human development index for developed countries is positive and meaningful. General Price Level at Small but negative production countries are significant but in the Developing countries considering the value of National currency in the against the foreign currencies of tourists, this coefficient is very small but is positive and meaningful

Keywords

Tourism

characteristic Indicator

Political Risk

Open Degree Being an economy

transport infrastructure Purpose